% latex table generated in R 4.4.1 by xtable 1.8-4 package
% Thu Nov  7 21:40:55 2024
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\begin{longtable}{lcc}
  \hline
\hline
Variables & Renter model & Owner model \\ 
  \hline
\emph{Within effects} &  &  \\ 
  Local market rent (EUR/sqm) & \makecell{$ 0.160$ \\ $[ 0.111, 0.208]$} & \makecell{$ 0.002$ \\ $[-0.034, 0.038]$} \\ 
  Equiv. household income (log) & \makecell{$-0.006$ \\ $[-0.022, 0.010]$} & \makecell{$ 0.002$ \\ $[-0.007, 0.012]$} \\ 
  Proportion personal income & \makecell{$-0.023$ \\ $[-0.043,-0.003]$} & \makecell{$-0.020$ \\ $[-0.036,-0.006]$} \\ 
  Proportion econ. active household members & \makecell{$-0.043$ \\ $[-0.062,-0.024]$} & \makecell{$ 0.004$ \\ $[-0.009, 0.016]$} \\ 
  Number of household members & \makecell{$-0.019$ \\ $[-0.027,-0.010]$} & \makecell{$-0.009$ \\ $[-0.014,-0.003]$} \\ 
  \emph{Labor market status (ref: Full-time employment)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Atypical employment & \makecell{$-0.003$ \\ $[-0.012, 0.006]$} & \makecell{$-0.004$ \\ $[-0.013, 0.004]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Economically inactive & \makecell{$-0.030$ \\ $[-0.047,-0.013]$} & \makecell{$ 0.001$ \\ $[-0.009, 0.011]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Unemployed & \makecell{$-0.032$ \\ $[-0.051,-0.014]$} & \makecell{$-0.013$ \\ $[-0.029, 0.003]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   In education & \makecell{$-0.019$ \\ $[-0.044, 0.007]$} & \makecell{$-0.018$ \\ $[-0.035,-0.002]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Retired & \makecell{$-0.043$ \\ $[-0.063,-0.023]$} & \makecell{$-0.006$ \\ $[-0.019, 0.007]$} \\ 
  Household rent (EUR/sqm) & \makecell{$ 0.010$ \\ $[-0.017, 0.038]$} &  \\ 
  Local market rent (demeaned) $\times$ household income & \makecell{$-0.021$ \\ $[-0.028,-0.015]$} & \makecell{$-0.001$ \\ $[-0.006, 0.003]$} \\ 
  Household rent (demeaned) $\times$ household income & \makecell{$-0.002$ \\ $[-0.005, 0.002]$} &  \\ 
   \hline
\emph{Mixed effects} &  &  \\ 
  Intercept & \makecell{$ 0.043$ \\ $[-0.158, 0.244]$} & \makecell{$ 0.050$ \\ $[-0.069, 0.175]$} \\ 
  Age & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[ 0.000, 0.000]$} & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[ 0.000, 0.000]$} \\ 
  \emph{East/West residence (ref: West)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   East & \makecell{$ 0.010$ \\ $[ 0.000, 0.019]$} & \makecell{$ 0.021$ \\ $[ 0.014, 0.029]$} \\ 
  \emph{Sex (ref: Male)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Female & \makecell{$-0.021$ \\ $[-0.028,-0.014]$} & \makecell{$-0.018$ \\ $[-0.023,-0.013]$} \\ 
  \emph{Education (ref: $<$ Upper secondary)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Upper-secondary & \makecell{$ 0.007$ \\ $[-0.004, 0.018]$} & \makecell{$-0.006$ \\ $[-0.016, 0.003]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Post-secondary non-tertiary & \makecell{$-0.004$ \\ $[-0.019, 0.012]$} & \makecell{$-0.007$ \\ $[-0.021, 0.005]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Higher vocational & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.019, 0.021]$} & \makecell{$-0.014$ \\ $[-0.025,-0.004]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Tertiary & \makecell{$-0.009$ \\ $[-0.023, 0.004]$} & \makecell{$-0.012$ \\ $[-0.024,-0.002]$} \\ 
  \emph{Locality (ref: Rural)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Suburban & \makecell{$ 0.009$ \\ $[-0.003, 0.020]$} & \makecell{$ 0.009$ \\ $[ 0.002, 0.016]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Urban & \makecell{$-0.004$ \\ $[-0.014, 0.005]$} & \makecell{$ 0.007$ \\ $[-0.001, 0.015]$} \\ 
  \emph{Year (ref: 2014)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   2015 & \makecell{$ 0.002$ \\ $[-0.004, 0.008]$} & \makecell{$ 0.008$ \\ $[ 0.004, 0.012]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   2016 & \makecell{$ 0.013$ \\ $[ 0.006, 0.019]$} & \makecell{$ 0.018$ \\ $[ 0.014, 0.023]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   2017 & \makecell{$ 0.012$ \\ $[ 0.004, 0.020]$} & \makecell{$ 0.022$ \\ $[ 0.017, 0.027]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   2018 & \makecell{$ 0.017$ \\ $[ 0.008, 0.026]$} & \makecell{$ 0.029$ \\ $[ 0.023, 0.036]$} \\ 
   \hline
\emph{Between effects} &  &  \\ 
  Equiv. household income (log) & \makecell{$-0.003$ \\ $[-0.029, 0.024]$} & \makecell{$-0.004$ \\ $[-0.020, 0.011]$} \\ 
  Local market rent (EUR/sqm) & \makecell{$-0.005$ \\ $[-0.026, 0.016]$} & \makecell{$-0.001$ \\ $[-0.016, 0.014]$} \\ 
  Proportion personal income & \makecell{$ 0.002$ \\ $[-0.013, 0.016]$} & \makecell{$-0.002$ \\ $[-0.011, 0.007]$} \\ 
  Proportion econ. active household members & \makecell{$-0.003$ \\ $[-0.025, 0.018]$} & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.013, 0.013]$} \\ 
  Number of household members & \makecell{$-0.001$ \\ $[-0.006, 0.003]$} & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.003, 0.003]$} \\ 
  \emph{Labor market status (ref: Full-time employment)} &  &  \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Atypical employment & \makecell{$ 0.003$ \\ $[-0.012, 0.018]$} & \makecell{$-0.004$ \\ $[-0.015, 0.007]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Economically inactive & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.020, 0.020]$} & \makecell{$ 0.004$ \\ $[-0.008, 0.016]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Unemployed & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.024, 0.024]$} & \makecell{$ 0.001$ \\ $[-0.029, 0.029]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   In education & \makecell{$ 0.005$ \\ $[-0.028, 0.038]$} & \makecell{$-0.013$ \\ $[-0.034, 0.007]$} \\ 
  \hspace{5mm}   Retired & \makecell{$-0.015$ \\ $[-0.036, 0.006]$} & \makecell{$-0.011$ \\ $[-0.023, 0.001]$} \\ 
  Household rent (EUR/sqm) & \makecell{$-0.001$ \\ $[-0.026, 0.024]$} &  \\ 
  Local market rent (mean) $\times$ household income & \makecell{$ 0.001$ \\ $[-0.002, 0.004]$} & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.002, 0.002]$} \\ 
  Household rent (mean) $\times$ household income & \makecell{$ 0.000$ \\ $[-0.003, 0.003]$} &  \\ 
   \hline
$N$ & \makecell{ \hspace{1mm} \\ \hspace{1mm}} &  \\ 
  Observations & 20058 & 37561 \\ 
  Individuals & 7411 & 11442 \\ 
  Postcode areas & 2341 & 2708 \\ 
  Counties/cities & 390 & 397 \\ 
  \emph{Standard deviations of intercepts} & \makecell{ \hspace{1mm} \\ \hspace{1mm}} &  \\ 
  $\sigma_{\text{Individuals}}$ & 0.092 & 0.075 \\ 
  $\sigma_{\text{Counties/cities}}$ & 0.010 & 0.002 \\ 
  $\sigma_{\text{Postcode areas}}$ & 0.033 & 0.037 \\ 
  $\sigma_{\text{Observations}}$ & 0.116 & 0.108 \\ 
   \hline
\hline
\hline
\caption{Coefficients and simulation-based 95\% confidence intervals from hierarchical linear within-between models, estimated across $M=5$ imputations.} 
\label{tab:reg1}
\end{longtable}
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